Christian theological views of animals is one of my favorite subjects, so I've been chewing on a post for this thread.
I don't believe that animals were created to be food for humans. Genesis 1 says that God created humans to rule over animals, but in regards to food specifies
"Then God said, "Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the surface of all the earth, and every tree which has fruit yielding seed; it shall be food for you; and to every beast of the earth and to every bird of the sky and to every thing that moves on the earth which has life, I have given every green plant for food"; and it was so."
In Genesis 2, God gives the fruit of every tree (except for the tree of knowledge of good and evil) to Adam to eat. Then God creates animals and asks Adam to name them and to see if he can find a helper amongst them.
The first time that an animal is killed in the garden is to hide Adam and Eve's shame after they ate from said tree (Genesis 3). That is to say, the animal's death is the result of this human pair's sin.
The further result of their sin is conflict with the snake, with the land, and the establishment of patriarchy.
The first time that God gives the animals to humans for food is after the flood (which, again, was a reaction to humankind's sinfulness).
Isaiah 11 prophesies that the messiah will usher in a time when there will be no conflict between animals and an end to the conflict between humans and snakes (and presumably other animals). Predators will become herbivores and "They will not hurt or destroy in all My holy mountain."
Romans 8:19-23 suggests that all of creation will redeemed, but is currently subjected to the powers and principalities (one of which could arguably be anthropocentrism).
In this
essay co-authored by my favorite theologian, Stanley Hauerwas, the authors assert that nature should thus be understood as "creation in bondage."
So do animals have souls? I don't know. The bible doesn't really say that they don't. Fanta brings up a good point that the idea of a body-less soul is kind alienating. There is some of that type of language in the New Testament, but there is also talk of a new body and/or bodily resurrection. The body/soul dichotomy really comes from earlier Greek thought.